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Russian Application of Membrane Filter Press in Pig Manure Treatment
The pig breeding cycle is long, and a large amount of feces and urine are discharged every day. If these feces are not properly and effectively treated, they will inevitably cause serious harm to the surrounding ecological environment. The use of membrane /diaphragm filter press will help solve this problem. This article will introduce the application of membrane filter press in pig manure treatment.
Introduction of the Pig Manure
The main source of pig manure is waste generated during pig breeding, including feces, urine, and feed residues. Pig manure contains a variety of pollutants, including organic matter, inorganic matter, and microorganisms.
Organic matter is mainly protein, fat, carbohydrate, etc., in pig feces and urine. During the decomposition process of this organic matter, harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide will be released. Inorganic substances are mainly pesticide residues, veterinary drug residues, and heavy metals in the feed used in pig breeding. These substances easily enter the soil, groundwater, and water bodies through runoff. Microorganisms are mainly pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, etc. These microorganisms may pose potential risks to the environment and human health.
What is a Membrane/Diaphragm Filter Press?
A membrane filter press is a highly efficient solid/liquid separation equipment. It incorporates membranes, usually made of polypropylene, which are capable of exerting additional pressure on the filter cake. This feature significantly improves the dewatering process, leading to dryer solids and clearer filtrate. The working principle involves feeding the slurry, the initial formation of a filter cake, followed by the inflation of the membranes to further compress the cake, extracting additional moisture.
Dangers of Pig Manure
Soil pollution
The organic and inorganic matter in pig manure will seep into the soil and cause soil pollution. The accumulation of organic matter will lead to eutrophication of the soil, which will have a negative impact on the balance of the soil ecosystem; the accumulation of inorganic matter will increase the content of pesticide residues and heavy metals in the soil, thereby affecting the growth of plants and the quality of groundwater.
Water pollution
Pollutants in pig manure enter water bodies through runoff or leakage in rivers, lakes, and other waters, causing eutrophication of water bodies and deterioration of water quality. Excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus can cause explosive growth of algae in water bodies, disrupting the balance of aquatic ecosystems. In addition, microorganisms in pig manure may also cause bacterial contamination of water bodies, posing risks to aquatic animals, plants, and human health.
Air pollution
Harmful gases such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide produced in pig manure have a pungent smell and can cause odor pollution. When large amounts of pig manure are accumulated or stored improperly, harmful gases will be released into the atmosphere, negatively affecting the surrounding environment and the health of residents.
Application of Membrane Filter Press in Pig Manure Treatment
The methods used at home and abroad to dehydrate livestock and poultry manure mainly include high-temperature rapid drying, biological dehydration, and mechanical dehydration. Compared with heating dehydration, the energy consumption of mechanical extrusion is relatively low. Therefore, mechanical dehydration is widely used in solid-liquid separation. In many areas of our country, it has become common to use membrane filter press to treat pig farm manure.
The use of flocculants and coagulants will enhance the separation effect of livestock and poultry manure. FeCl3 and Al2(SO4)3 have a good flocculation effect on suspended solids and can enhance the sedimentation rate of livestock and poultry manure. Using flocculants and coagulants at the same time can not only improve the removal efficiency of phosphorus in feces but is also more economical than using coagulants alone.
In the treatment of pig manure, the diaphragm filter press plays a very important role. The process begins with the fecal slurry being fed into the press by a feed pump, where the solids are separated from the liquid in the filter chamber. The high pressure exerted by the membrane ensures efficient water removal, resulting in a very dry filter cake and cleaner water. The treated water can be safely discharged or reused in agricultural processes, while the nutrient-rich solid filter cake can be reused as a biofertilizer.
Advantages of Using Membrane Filter Press
- Increased Dryness of Filter Cake: One of the advantages of a membrane filter press is its ability to produce a much drier filter cake compared to general filter presses. The additional pressure exerted by the membranes effectively removes more moisture from the pig manure solids.
- Improved Filtrate Quality: The filtration process in a diaphragm filter press results in clearer filtrate. This means that the liquid separated from the pig manure contains fewer suspended solids and pollutants, making it safer for discharge or reuse in agricultural applications, such as irrigation.
- Reduction in Volume of Waste: By extracting more water from the manure, the overall volume of the waste is significantly reduced. This reduction is beneficial for both storage and disposal, leading to lower handling costs.
- Resource recovery: The processed filter cake is rich in nutrients and can be reused as a biofertilizer to provide an excellent source of nutrients for crops.
Conclusion
In a word, he application of membrane filter press to pig manure treatment is a major progress in environmental protection and resource management. Its ability to effectively process problematic waste and convert it into valuable resources is in line with environmental sustainability. This technology not only solves the immediate problems associated with pig manure but also opens the door to new possibilities in agricultural waste management.
